CGHS SSC - 2018
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Easy
The haemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh isoimmunisation is called?
Appeared in: CGHS SSC - 2018
Explanation
- Erythroblastosis fetalis is the medical term for Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN), which results from an alloimmune reaction.
- This condition occurs when maternal antibodies, typically IgG, cross the placenta and cause the destruction (hemolysis) of fetal red blood cells (RBCs).
- The most severe form is caused by Rh incompatibility, where an Rh-negative mother develops antibodies against her Rh-positive fetus's RBCs.
- The name 'erythroblastosis' refers to the compensatory mechanism where the fetus releases a large number of immature red blood cells (erythroblasts) into circulation to combat severe anemia.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count, which impairs blood clotting. It is not the primary disease caused by Rh isoimmunization, although it can be a secondary complication in severe cases of erythroblastosis fetalis due to issues like an enlarged spleen.
- Option B: Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to be misshapen (sickle-shaped). It is a type of inherited hemoglobinopathy, not an alloimmune condition caused by maternal-fetal blood incompatibility.
- Option C: Thalassemia is a group of inherited genetic blood disorders characterized by reduced or absent synthesis of one of the globin chains that make up hemoglobin. This leads to microcytic anemia and is not caused by an immune reaction between mother and fetus.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: Knowing Terminology for Rh isoimmunization-induced hemolytic disease of the newborn helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
- Antenatal screening for blood type (ABO and Rh factor) is a critical nursing responsibility to identify at-risk pregnancies early on.
- The cornerstone of prevention is the timely administration of Rho(D) immune globulin to non-sensitized Rh-negative mothers. Nurses are responsible for verifying eligibility, administering the injection, and documenting it correctly.
- Nurses in neonatal units must be skilled in assessing for and managing the complications of erythroblastosis fetalis, including monitoring bilirubin levels for jaundice, assessing for anemia (pallor, tachycardia), and preparing for interventions like phototherapy or exchange transfusion.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key concepts in the question stem: 'haemolytic disease of the newborn' and 'Rh isoimmunisation'. This points to a condition involving red blood cell destruction due to mother-fetus blood type incompatibility.
- This is a factual recall question asking for the specific medical term for this process.
- Analyze the options. Evaluate each term based on its definition.
- Eliminate 'Thrombocytopenia' as it relates to platelets, not red blood cells.
- Eliminate 'Sickle cell Anaemia' and 'Thalassaemia' as they are inherited genetic disorders affecting hemoglobin, not an immune reaction between mother and fetus.
- Recognize that 'Erythroblastosis Fetalis' directly relates to the pathophysiology: 'erythro' (red blood cell) and 'blast' (immature cell) describe the fetal response to hemolysis ('-lysis'). This makes it the most fitting term for the condition described.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Terminology for Rh isoimmunization-induced hemolytic disease of the newborn.
- Stem keywords: haemolytic disease of the newborn, Rh isoimmunisation
- Lead-in keywords: is called
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
Qp06MnRvzale0Q2it0O0BO
Reference Book
E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 1 p. 1133-1135
E6 Physiology Essentials Sembulingam 10e Part 1 p. 150-152
Practise the full CGHS SSC - 2018
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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