The following are vector-borne diseases EXCEPT:

Appeared in: Haryana CHO -2023

Explanation

Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.
Its primary mode of transmission is the fecal-oral route, through the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person.
Unlike the other options, Typhoid does not require an arthropod vector (like a mosquito) for its transmission cycle.
Therefore, it is the exception in a list of vector-borne diseases.

Option A: Malaria is a classic example of a vector-borne disease.
Option B: Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.
Option D: Chikungunya is also a viral disease spread to people by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Modes of disease transmission, specifically differentiating vector-borne from fecal-oral transmission as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Differentiating transmission routes is critical for implementing the correct public health interventions and providing accurate patient education.
For vector-borne diseases, nursing advice focuses on preventing mosquito bites (e.g., using nets, repellents, eliminating breeding sites). For typhoid, advice centers on food and water safety, hand hygiene, and vaccination.
A patient's travel and environmental history is crucial. Fever after a trip to a region with poor sanitation points towards enteric fevers like typhoid, while fever after visiting a mosquito-prevalent area suggests vector-borne illnesses.

How to Approach the Question

First, understand the key term in the question: 'vector-borne disease'. This is an illness transmitted by a vector, typically an insect like a mosquito.
Next, identify the negative framing of the question by the word 'EXCEPT'. This means you are looking for the option that is NOT a vector-borne disease.
Systematically evaluate each option based on its known mode of transmission.
Recall or deduce that Malaria, Dengue, and Chikungunya are all transmitted by mosquitoes.
Recall or deduce that Typhoid is transmitted through contaminated food and water (fecal-oral route).
Select Typhoid as it is the only option that does not fit the definition of a vector-borne disease.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Modes of disease transmission, specifically differentiating vector-borne from fecal-oral transmission.
Stem keywords: vector-borne diseases
Lead-in keywords: EXCEPT
Negative lead-in flag: The question uses the word 'EXCEPT', requiring identification of the option that does not fit the specified category.

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Practise the full Haryana CHO -2023

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.