The content of ORS includes

BHU NO-2019

Pharmacology

Easy

Appeared in: BHU NO-2019

Explanation

The WHO-recommended low-osmolarity ORS formula contains specific components to treat dehydration from diarrhea.
These components are Sodium chloride (NaCl), Potassium chloride (KCl), Trisodium citrate, and Glucose, all dissolved in clean water.
Glucose is crucial as it activates the sodium-glucose cotransport system in the gut, enhancing the absorption of sodium and, consequently, water.
NaCl and KCl are included to replenish essential electrolytes that are lost in large quantities during diarrheal episodes.
Trisodium citrate acts as a buffer to correct the metabolic acidosis that often accompanies severe diarrhea and dehydration.

Option B: This option incorrectly lists Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). While it is a sodium salt, it is not the correct component for ORS. The correct component is Sodium chloride (NaCl).
Option C: This option incorrectly lists Glycogen. ORS requires a simple sugar like Glucose for rapid absorption via the SGLT1 transporter in the intestine. Glycogen is a complex polysaccharide (a storage form of glucose) and cannot be directly used for this mechanism.
Option D: This option incorrectly lists Hydrochloric acid (HCl). HCl is a strong acid and would be extremely harmful if ingested. The correct component for replacing potassium is Potassium chloride (KCl).

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Composition of WHO-recommended Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
ORS is a cornerstone of managing acute diarrhea and preventing dehydration, especially in pediatric and vulnerable populations. Nurses must be able to correctly prepare and administer it, and educate families on its importance and proper use.
A common and dangerous error is preparing ORS with an incorrect volume of water. Too little water makes the solution hypertonic, which can worsen diarrhea and cause hypernatremia. Too much water makes it hypotonic and less effective, potentially leading to hyponatremia.
Nurses should instruct caregivers to dissolve one entire packet in the specified amount of clean water (usually 1 liter) and to use the solution within 24 hours, discarding any remainder.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of a standard medical formulation.
First, identify the core topic of the question, which is the chemical composition of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS).
Recall the standard WHO-recommended formula for low-osmolarity ORS. The key ingredients are designed to replace water, replace electrolytes, and facilitate absorption.
Systematically evaluate each option by comparing its listed ingredients to the known formula.
Option A lists NaCl, KCl, Trisodium citrate, and Glucose, which are all correct components.
Option B incorrectly substitutes Sodium chloride (NaCl) with Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

Concept Tested & Keywords

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