AIIMS Raipur NO - 201…: Temporary loss of muscle tone and weakness precipitated by a variety of emotional states is called?

AIIMS Raipur NO - 2017 (Shift-1)

Mental Health Nursing

Easy

Appeared in: AIIMS Raipur NO - 2017 (Shift-1)

Explanation

Cataplexy is defined as a sudden and transient episode of muscle weakness accompanied by full conscious awareness.
These episodes are typically triggered by strong emotions, such as laughter, excitement, surprise, or anger.
The loss of muscle tone can be partial, affecting only the face or neck, or complete, leading to a collapse.
It is a pathognomonic (highly specific) symptom of type 1 narcolepsy, a sleep disorder caused by the loss of orexin-producing neurons in the hypothalamus.

Option B: Catharsis refers to the process of releasing strong or repressed emotions to achieve emotional relief. It is a psychological concept and does not involve a physical loss of muscle tone.
Option C: A compulsion is a repetitive, ritualistic behavior that an individual feels driven to perform to alleviate anxiety. It is an action or behavior, not a sudden loss of muscle function.
Option D: Confabulation is a memory error where an individual unconsciously creates fabricated stories to fill in gaps in their memory. It is a cognitive symptom, not a motor one.

Visual 1: Infographic - A chart comparing the key features of Cataplexy, Catharsis, Compulsion, and Confabulation, with simple icons to represent each concept (e.g., a limp figure for cataplexy, a talking head for catharsis, repeating arrows for compulsion, and a head with puzzle pieces for confabulation).

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Definition of Cataplexy as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Accurate identification of cataplexy is crucial for patient safety. Nurses must assess the risk of falls and injury, and educate the patient and family on safety precautions and trigger avoidance.
As cataplexy is a hallmark symptom of narcolepsy type 1, a nurse's detailed observation and reporting can significantly aid in achieving a correct diagnosis and differentiating it from seizure disorders or syncope.
Patient education is a key nursing role, involving teaching patients about their condition, medication adherence (e.g., for stimulants or REM-suppressing antidepressants), and lifestyle modifications like scheduled naps.

How to Approach the Question

Step 1: Carefully read the question to identify the defining characteristics of the term being asked. The key phrases are 'temporary loss of muscle tone' and 'precipitated by a variety of emotional states'.
Step 2: Systematically evaluate each option based on its medical or psychological definition.
Step 3: Eliminate 'Catharsis' as it is an emotional release, not a physical event.
Step 4: Eliminate 'Compulsion' as it is a repetitive behavior, not a loss of muscle tone.
Step 5: Eliminate 'Confabulation' as it is a memory disturbance, not a motor symptom.
Step 6: Conclude that 'Cataplexy' is the only term that accurately describes a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions, confirming it as the correct answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Kaplan Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry 12th Edition-2022 (pp 1-3768 of 3768) p. 1387-1890