Select the pair which has the same relationship as the pair Iodine : Goitre.

Appeared in: RRB Staff Nurse Delhi-2015

Explanation

The primary pair, Iodine : Goitre, demonstrates a relationship where a deficiency of the first element (Iodine) leads to a specific medical condition (Goitre).
The pair Insulin : Diabetes perfectly mirrors this relationship.
As confirmed in medical literature (SRC_5), an absolute or relative deficiency of the hormone insulin impairs glucose metabolism, resulting in the disease state of diabetes mellitus.
This 'deficiency causes disease' pattern is the logical link connecting the two pairs.

Option A: There is no direct causal link where a deficiency of mangoes causes anaemia. Anaemia is primarily caused by a deficiency of iron, vitamin B12, or folate.
Option C: The relationship between hormones and cancer is complex and not one of simple deficiency. Hormonal imbalances can promote the growth of certain cancers, but a general deficiency of hormones is not the cause of cancer.
Option D: This pair represents the opposite relationship. Obesity is caused by an excess of fat, not a deficiency. The reference pair is based on deficiency.

Visual 1: Flowchart: Illustrating the 'Deficiency -> Disease' pathway for both Iodine/Goitre and Insulin/Diabetes, and the 'Excess -> Disease' pathway for Fat/Obesity to highlight the contrast.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Analogical Reasoning (Cause and Effect) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding deficiency-related diseases is crucial for nurses in patient assessment, education, and care planning.
Nurses educate patients on dietary sources of essential nutrients like iodine to prevent conditions like goitre.
For patients with diabetes, nurses are central to managing insulin therapy, monitoring blood glucose, and educating on the pathophysiology of insulin deficiency.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the specific relationship in the given pair, 'Iodine : Goitre'.
Recognize that the relationship is 'A deficiency of X causes Y'. Iodine is a nutrient, and its lack causes the disease goitre.
Next, systematically evaluate each option to see if it follows the same 'deficiency causes disease' pattern.
Analyze 'Insulin : Diabetes'. A deficiency of the hormone insulin causes the disease diabetes. This is a match.
Analyze 'Fat : Obesity'. An excess of fat causes obesity. This is the opposite relationship, so it's incorrect.
Analyze the other options to confirm they do not fit the pattern, thus solidifying your choice.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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Practise the full RRB Staff Nurse Delhi-2015

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.