Red man syndrome is associated with?

Appeared in: KPSC Staff Nurse - 2016

Explanation

Red man syndrome is a characteristic adverse effect of Vancomycin.
It is an infusion-related reaction caused by the rapid release of histamine, not a true IgE-mediated allergy.
Symptoms include flushing, itching, and an erythematous rash on the face, neck, and upper torso.
The reaction is rate-dependent, meaning it is more likely to occur when the drug is infused too quickly.
Slowing the infusion rate is the primary strategy for prevention and management.

Option B: Chloramphenicol is not associated with Red man syndrome. Its most notorious adverse effects are Gray baby syndrome in infants and potentially fatal aplastic anemia in all age groups.
Option C: Tetracycline does not cause Red man syndrome. Its characteristic side effects include permanent discoloration of teeth if given to children under 8, photosensitivity, and gastrointestinal upset.
Option D: Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic and is not linked to Red man syndrome. Its primary side effects are gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), and it can also cause QT interval prolongation on an ECG.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Use the key finding related to Adverse Drug Reactions to guide bedside assessment, documentation, and the next nursing action.
Nurses play a critical role in preventing Red man syndrome by ensuring Vancomycin is administered at the correct, slow rate (typically over at least 60 minutes).
Recognizing the signs of Red man syndrome early allows the nurse to intervene promptly by stopping the infusion and administering antihistamines, preventing more severe reactions like hypotension.
Patient education is key. The nurse should inform the patient to report any feelings of warmth, itching, or flushing during the infusion.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question: 'Red man syndrome'.
This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of specific, classic adverse drug reactions.
Mentally review the common and unique side effects associated with each antibiotic listed in the options.
Associate Vancomycin with 'Red man syndrome', ototoxicity, and nephrotoxicity.
Associate Chloramphenicol with 'Gray baby syndrome' and 'aplastic anemia'.
Associate Tetracycline with 'teeth discoloration' and 'photosensitivity'.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Pharmacology Nursing Lilley 11e Part 2 p. 324-325

E6 Pharmacology Nursing Lilley 11e Part 3 p. 1

E6 Pharmacology KD Tripathi Essentials 9e Part 3 p. 85-87

Practise the full KPSC Staff Nurse - 2016

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.