IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Easy
Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta during the second half of pregnancy with severe haemorrhage is known as:
Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026
Explanation
- Abruptio placenta is the medical term for the premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall.
- This event typically occurs after 20 weeks of gestation and is a leading cause of antepartum hemorrhage.
- The separation begins with the rupture of a decidual spiral artery, leading to a retroplacental hematoma that splits the decidua.
- Clinically, it often presents with painful vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, and a tense or rigid uterus.
- The bleeding can be revealed (external) or concealed (trapped behind the placenta), with concealed hemorrhage posing a greater risk due to delayed diagnosis and increased likelihood of coagulopathy.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: Placenta previa involves abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment, covering the cervix. The question describes the separation of a normally implanted placenta.
- Option C: Placenta succenturiata is a morphological abnormality where an accessory placental lobe exists. It does not describe placental separation.
- Option D: Circumvallate placenta is an anatomical variant of the placental shape and membrane insertion. While it can be a risk factor for abruption, it is not the condition of premature separation itself.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Causes of Antepartum Hemorrhage as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Abruptio placenta is an obstetric emergency requiring immediate assessment and intervention to prevent maternal shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and fetal demise.
- Nursing priorities include monitoring vital signs, assessing for amount and type of bleeding, evaluating uterine tone and tenderness, and continuous fetal heart rate monitoring.
- Emergency preparedness involves ensuring IV access with large-bore cannulas, availability of cross-matched blood products, and readiness for an emergency cesarean section.
How to Approach the Question
- First, break down the key elements of the question: 'premature separation', 'normally implanted placenta', 'second half of pregnancy', and 'severe haemorrhage'.
- Evaluate each option against this definition.
- Recognize that 'Abruptio placenta' is the direct medical term for the premature separation of a normally implanted placenta.
- Differentiate this from 'Placenta previa', which is about an abnormal location of implantation (low-lying), not separation of a normally located one.
- Exclude 'Placenta succenturiata' and 'Circumvallate placenta' as they describe morphological abnormalities of the placenta, not a separation event.
- Confirm the choice by recalling the classic signs: painful bleeding and a tense uterus for abruption, versus painless bleeding for previa.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Causes of Antepartum Hemorrhage
- Stem keywords: premature separation, normally implanted placenta, second half of pregnancy, severe haemorrhage
- Lead-in keywords: is known as
Question ID
Q8UhyFh3niLn4EczHGWvVH
Reference Book
E6 Obstetrics Williams p. 63-85
Practise the full IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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