Parenteral administration of drug is all EXCEPT:

Appeared in: Haryana CHO -2023

Explanation

The oral route is classified as an enteral route of administration because the drug is absorbed through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Enteral routes involve the drug passing through the digestive system for absorption into the bloodstream.
The question asks for the exception to parenteral routes, and the oral route is the only one listed that is not a form of injection bypassing the GI tract.

Option A: Intramuscular (IM) administration is a parenteral route. The drug is injected directly into a large muscle, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.
Option B: Intradermal (ID) administration is a parenteral route. The drug is injected into the dermis, the layer of skin just beneath the epidermis. This is used for sensitivity tests and some vaccines.
Option D: Intravenous (IV) administration is a parenteral route. The drug is injected directly into a vein, providing the fastest onset of action.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Routes of Drug Administration (Parenteral vs. Enteral) helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Understanding the route of administration is critical for nurses as it directly impacts the drug's absorption rate, onset of action, and potential side effects. Administering a drug via the wrong route is a serious medication error.
Parenteral routes require strict aseptic technique to prevent introducing pathogens directly into tissues or the bloodstream, which can cause serious infections.
What if? If a patient is unconscious or experiencing severe vomiting, the oral route is not viable. A parenteral route, such as intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM), would be necessary to ensure the patient receives the medication.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core concept of the question, which is 'Parenteral administration'.
Recognize the keyword 'EXCEPT'. This means you must find the option that is NOT a parenteral route.
Define 'parenteral administration'. It refers to any route that bypasses the gastrointestinal (digestive) tract, typically injections.
Define 'enteral administration'. This refers to routes that use the gastrointestinal tract, such as swallowing (oral).
Evaluate each option: Intramuscular, Intradermal, and Intravenous are all types of injections that bypass the gut. The Oral route involves swallowing and absorption from the gut.
Conclude that the Oral route is the exception and therefore the correct answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Pharmacology KD Tripathi Essentials 9e Part 1 p. 31-33

E6 Pharmacology Nurses Shanbhag 3e p. 14-16

E6 Pharmacology Nursing Lilley 11e Part 1 p. 39-41

Practise the full Haryana CHO -2023

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.