One of the following is used in the management of alcohol dependence:

IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026

Pharmacology

Medium

Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026

Explanation

Disulfiram is used as an aversive agent in the management of alcohol dependence.
It works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, which is crucial for alcohol metabolism.
If a patient on Disulfiram consumes alcohol, they experience a severe, unpleasant physical reaction (Disulfiram-ethanol reaction), which acts as a strong deterrent.
This unique mechanism of aversive conditioning makes it a distinct, though not always first-line, treatment option.

Option A: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used for the emergency reversal of opioid (e.g., heroin, fentanyl) overdose. It has no role in the long-term management of alcohol dependence.
Option C: Although Naltrexone is a correct treatment for alcohol dependence, the question asks for one option. Disulfiram is often tested due to its unique aversive mechanism. Naltrexone works differently by reducing cravings.
Option D: Although Acamprosate is a correct treatment for alcohol dependence, the question asks for one option. Disulfiram is distinct because of its aversive properties. Acamprosate helps maintain abstinence by reducing withdrawal symptoms.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Pharmacological management of alcohol dependence as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Patient safety is the highest priority when administering Disulfiram. A nurse's most critical role is comprehensive patient education about avoiding all sources of alcohol to prevent a potentially dangerous reaction.
Nurses must assess the patient's motivation and reliability, as Disulfiram therapy is only effective if the patient is committed to abstinence and understands the consequences of drinking.
What if? If a patient on Disulfiram accidentally ingests alcohol and presents with a severe reaction (hypotension, arrhythmias), the nursing priority shifts to emergency supportive care, including monitoring vital signs, managing symptoms, and ensuring a patent airway. There is no antidote for the reaction itself.

How to Approach the Question

First, read the question carefully to identify the core topic: medications for alcohol dependence.
Scan the options: Naloxone, Disulfiram, Naltrexone, Acamprosate.
Recall the primary use for each drug. You should recognize Naloxone as an opioid overdose antidote, making it the least likely answer.
Recognize that Disulfiram, Naltrexone, and Acamprosate are all used for alcohol dependence. This indicates a poorly formed question or one that requires you to choose the 'best' or 'most distinct' option.
Differentiate the mechanisms. Naltrexone and Acamprosate manage cravings and withdrawal. Disulfiram works by aversive conditioning, causing a severe negative reaction to alcohol.
In a single-choice question with multiple correct therapeutic agents, select the one with the most unique or 'classic' mechanism tested in exams, which in this case is Disulfiram's aversive action.

Concept Tested & Keywords

QG_43Scv98ga9CMhLIy3ot

E6 Kaplan Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry-2022 (pp 1-3768 of 3768) pp. 914-916, 912-914

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 2 p. 1585-1587