Match the following:

A) Equinus 1. Longitudinal arch of foot extended dorsally

B) Planus 2. Longitudinal arch of foot flattened

C) Cavus 3. Foot in dorsiflexion

D) Calcaneus 4. Foot in plantar flexion

1. A

   A) 1, B) 2, C) 3, D) 4

2. B

   A) 1, B) 4, C) 3, D) 2

3. C

   A) 3, B) 1, C) 4, D) 2

4. D

   A) 4, B) 2, C) 1, D) 3

Appeared in: INI-CET EXAM -2025

Explanation

• The correct option correctly pairs each foot deformity with its definition.
• Equinus refers to a foot positioned in plantar flexion (toes pointing down), like a horse's foot.
• Planus, or pes planus, is the medical term for a flat foot, where the longitudinal arch is flattened.
• Cavus, or pes cavus, describes a foot with an abnormally high longitudinal arch.
• Calcaneus refers to a deformity where the foot is fixed in dorsiflexion (toes pointing up), causing the person to walk on the heel.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option A: This option incorrectly matches Equinus with an extended arch (C-1), Cavus with dorsiflexion (D-3), and Calcaneus with plantar flexion (A-4).
• Option B: This option incorrectly matches all the pairs. For example, it pairs Equinus (plantar flexion) with an extended arch (1).
• Option C: This option incorrectly matches all the pairs. For example, it pairs Equinus (plantar flexion) with dorsiflexion (3).

Related Visual

• Visual 1: Diagram - A set of four illustrations showing the lateral view of a normal foot alongside the Equinus, Planus, Cavus, and Calcaneus deformities to visually contrast the foot's position and arch height in each condition.

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Matching common foot deformities with their clinical descriptions as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• Nurses must be able to identify these deformities during physical assessments as they can indicate underlying neurological or musculoskeletal conditions and affect a patient's mobility, balance, and risk for falls.
• These conditions can cause significant pain, difficulty with ambulation, and problems with fitting footwear, requiring nursing interventions related to pain management, patient education on orthotics, and referrals to physiotherapy.
• What if? - If a patient presents with Talipes Equinovarus (clubfoot), the nurse would expect to see a combination of deformities: Equinus (plantar flexion), Varus (inversion), and adduction of the foot, requiring specialized casting or surgical intervention, not just one isolated deformity.

How to Approach the Question

• This is a 'Match the Following' question, which tests factual recall.
• First, read the two lists to understand the terms (deformities) and the descriptions provided.
• Focus on one term at a time from the first list. For example, start with 'Equinus' and recall its definition.
• Scan the second list to find the most accurate description. 'Equinus' relates to a horse-like stance (walking on toes), which corresponds to plantar flexion (A → 4).
• Repeat this process for each term: 'Planus' means flat (B → 2), 'Cavus' relates to a cave or high arch (C → 1), and 'Calcaneus' relates to the heel bone, where the person walks on the heel in dorsiflexion (D → 3).
• After matching all pairs (A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3), locate the option in the answer choices that reflects this exact combination.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Matching common foot deformities with their clinical descriptions.
• Stem keywords: Equinus, Planus, Cavus, Calcaneus, longitudinal arch, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
• Lead-in keywords: Match the following

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QAth2LPWxbKyA80VVP-7pp

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