It is regarded as the powerhouse of the cell?

Appeared in: AIIMS Nagpur NO - 2018

Explanation

Mitochondria are called the 'powerhouse' of the cell because they produce the energy required for most cellular functions.
This energy is generated through the process of cellular respiration, where nutrients are converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
ATP is the main energy currency of the cell, used to power metabolic processes, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse transmission.

Option A: Lysosomes are the cell's 'waste disposal system'. They contain digestive enzymes to break down and recycle cellular debris, foreign particles, and worn-out organelles.
Option C: The Nucleus is the 'control center' of the cell. It houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and directs all cellular activities, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Option D: The Golgi apparatus acts as the cell's 'post office'. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport to other destinations within or outside the cell.

Visual 1: Diagram - A labeled diagram of an animal cell, clearly showing the location and structure of the nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus. The caption should highlight the distinct shape of each organelle.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Functions of cellular organelles as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A nurse should understand that conditions affecting mitochondrial function (mitochondrial diseases) can present with a wide range of symptoms, including muscle weakness (myopathy), fatigue, and neurological problems, due to impaired energy production.
What if? - If a patient is on a medication known to be toxic to mitochondria (e.g., some antiretrovirals or statins), the nurse should monitor for signs of muscle pain, weakness, and elevated liver enzymes, as these can indicate mitochondrial damage.
Cells with high energy demands, like cardiac muscle cells, are particularly rich in mitochondria. Therefore, any impairment in mitochondrial function can severely impact heart function, leading to cardiomyopathies.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of basic cell biology.
Identify the key phrase in the question: 'powerhouse of the cell'.
Recall the common nicknames and primary functions associated with each major cell organelle.
Match the key phrase 'powerhouse' to the correct organelle, which is Mitochondria, known for its role in energy (ATP) production.
Briefly review the functions of the other options (distractors) to confirm they do not fit the description.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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Practise the full AIIMS Nagpur NO - 2018

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.