_______ is an isotonic solution among the following

Appeared in: AIIMS BHOPAL NO- 2018( Shift-2nd)

Explanation

Ringer's solution is an isotonic crystalloid solution.
Its electrolyte composition and osmolality (approximately 274 mOsm/L) are very similar to that of the body's plasma.
When infused, it expands the extracellular fluid volume without causing significant fluid shifts into or out of the body's cells.
This makes it an excellent choice for treating hypovolemia due to dehydration, burns, or gastrointestinal fluid losses.

Option A: 3% saline is a hypertonic solution, not isotonic. Its osmolality is significantly higher than that of plasma.
Option B: Half normal saline (0.45% NaCl) is a hypotonic solution. Its osmolality is lower than that of plasma.
Option C: 10% dextrose in water (D10W) is a hypertonic solution in the bag. Its high concentration of dextrose gives it a high osmolality.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Classification of intravenous (IV) solutions based on tonicity as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Choosing the correct IV fluid is a critical nursing responsibility that directly impacts patient safety.
Administering a hypotonic solution to a patient at risk for increased intracranial pressure can be fatal, as it can worsen cerebral edema.
Rapid administration of hypertonic solutions can cause intravascular fluid overload, leading to pulmonary edema, and can also cause severe damage to veins.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core of the question, which is to find the 'isotonic' solution among the choices.
Define 'isotonic' in the context of IV fluids: a solution with a solute concentration similar to blood plasma, which won't cause major fluid shifts.
Mentally categorize each option based on its name and composition.
Recognize that 'Half normal' saline implies it is hypotonic (half the concentration of normal saline).
Recognize that solutions with high percentages, like '3% saline' or '10% dextrose', are generally hypertonic.
By elimination and recall, identify Ringer's solution as a balanced electrolyte solution specifically formulated to be isotonic.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 1 Part 1 p. 142-144

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 5 p. 68-70

Practise the full AIIMS BHOPAL NO- 2018( Shift-2nd)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.