Inherited sex linked bleeding disorder is?

Appeared in: HPSSC - 2015

Explanation

Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in specific clotting factors.
The genes for the most common types, Hemophilia A (Factor VIII) and Hemophilia B (Factor IX), are located on the X chromosome.
This X-linked recessive inheritance pattern means the disorder is expressed almost exclusively in males, who inherit the affected X chromosome from their carrier mothers.

Option B: Thalassemia is an inherited disorder, but it follows an autosomal recessive pattern, not sex-linked. It affects the production of hemoglobin.
Option C: Purpura refers to purple-colored spots on the skin from bleeding underneath. It is a symptom or a sign of an underlying condition (like ITP or vascular disorders), not a specific inherited sex-linked disease itself. Its causes are varied and often acquired.
Option D: Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder, but like thalassemia, it is an autosomal recessive condition. It is not linked to the sex chromosomes.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Inheritance patterns of common hematological disorders as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding the inheritance pattern of hemophilia is crucial for patient and family education, particularly for genetic counseling. Nurses play a key role in explaining the risks to offspring.
Nursing care for a hemophiliac patient focuses on preventing and managing bleeding episodes, administering factor replacement therapy, and providing pain relief, especially for hemarthrosis (joint bleeding).
What if the question asked for the most common inherited bleeding disorder overall? The answer would be von Willebrand disease, which is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and affects both sexes equally.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key terms in the question: "inherited," "sex-linked," and "bleeding disorder."
Evaluate each option based on these criteria.
Recall or deduce the inheritance pattern for each disorder listed.
Hemophilia is famously X-linked. Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease are well-known autosomal recessive disorders. Purpura is a symptom, not a specific genetic disease.
Eliminate the options that do not fit the "sex-linked" criterion (Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Disease).
Eliminate the option that is a symptom rather than a specific disease (Purpura).

Concept Tested & Keywords

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Practise the full HPSSC - 2015

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.