UPRVUNL - 2021
Nursing Research & Statistics
Easy
In which study can we obtain the relative risk of disease?
Appeared in: UPRVUNL - 2021
Explanation
- A cohort study is a forward-looking (prospective) observational study that follows groups of individuals over time.
- It starts by classifying individuals based on their exposure to a risk factor (exposed vs. unexposed) before the disease has occurred.
- By tracking the development of new cases (incidence) in both groups, it allows for the direct calculation of Relative Risk (RR).
- Relative Risk is the ratio of the probability of an event occurring in an exposed group to the probability of the event occurring in a non-exposed group.
- This makes it the ideal design to determine the risk associated with a specific exposure.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: A case-control study calculates the Odds Ratio (OR), not the Relative Risk (RR).
- Option C: 'Experiential study' is not a standard term in epidemiology. It is likely a misspelling of 'experimental study'.
- Option D: A case study is a descriptive report on a single individual or a small group. It has no comparison group.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: Knowing Epidemiological study designs and measures of association helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
- Understanding Relative Risk helps nurses educate patients about the likelihood of developing a condition based on their lifestyle or environmental exposures (e.g., 'Smokers are X times more likely to develop lung cancer').
- Nurses use evidence from cohort studies to implement evidence-based practice, promoting health and preventing disease by addressing modifiable risk factors.
- What if the question asked about a rare disease? A case-control study would be more efficient and practical than a cohort study, as you would need to follow a massive cohort for a long time to observe enough cases of a rare disease.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key term in the question: 'relative risk'.
- Recall the definitions of different epidemiological study designs and the primary measure of association for each.
- Associate 'relative risk' with studies that measure incidence (new cases) over time. This points directly to cohort studies.
- Differentiate this from 'odds ratio', which is associated with case-control studies.
- Evaluate the options: 'Case-control' calculates OR. 'Case study' has no comparison group. 'Experiential' is a vague term. 'Cohort study' directly calculates RR by following groups from exposure to outcome.
- Conclude that cohort study is the correct answer based on this direct link between the study design and the ability to calculate relative risk.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Epidemiological study designs and measures of association
- Stem keywords: relative risk, disease, study
- Lead-in keywords: obtain
Question ID
QGibKxL4xOizuak5WYaMyh
Reference Book
E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart A (pp 26-201 of 604) pp. 68-70, 69-71
E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 2846-2848
Practise the full UPRVUNL - 2021
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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