In which part of the uterine tube does the fertilisation process occur?

Appeared in: DSSSB - 28 August 2019 (Shift-1)

Explanation

Fertilisation, the fusion of the sperm and ovum, most commonly occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube.
The ampulla is the longest and widest part of the fallopian tube, making up about two-thirds of its length.
Its dilated and thin-walled structure provides an ideal environment for the sperm to meet the oocyte after it has been captured by the infundibulum.

Option B: The intramural part is the segment of the tube that passes through the uterine wall. Its function is to transport the embryo into the uterine cavity, not to host fertilisation.
Option C: The isthmus is the narrow portion of the tube connecting the ampulla to the uterus. While the fertilised egg travels through it, fertilisation does not typically occur here.
Option D: The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped opening near the ovary. Its primary role, with its fimbriae, is to capture the egg after ovulation, not to be the site of fertilisation.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Anatomy of the Uterine Tube and Site of Fertilization as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding the site of fertilisation is critical for diagnosing and managing infertility and ectopic pregnancies.
The ampulla is the most common site for an ectopic pregnancy, a life-threatening condition. Nurses must recognise early signs like sharp, unilateral abdominal pain, and vaginal spotting to facilitate prompt intervention.
What if? If a patient has scarring or blockage in the ampulla (e.g., from Pelvic Inflammatory Disease), the risk of an ectopic pregnancy increases significantly because the fertilised egg may be unable to travel to the uterus for implantation.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core of the question, which is asking for a specific anatomical location ('part of the uterine tube') for a physiological process ('fertilisation').
This is a factual recall question. Access your knowledge of the female reproductive system's anatomy.
Mentally picture or sketch the path of the egg from the ovary to the uterus: Ovary -> Infundibulum -> Ampulla -> Isthmus -> Intramural part -> Uterus.
Recall the function of each part. The infundibulum catches the egg, the ampulla is where fertilisation happens, and the isthmus and intramural parts transport the zygote.
Evaluate the options based on this anatomical and functional knowledge. The ampulla is the well-established site for fertilisation.
Select the option that correctly identifies this location.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Anatomy Applied Ashalatha 4e p. 389-391

E6 Physiology Ganong 27e Vol 2 Part 3 p. 150-151

Practise the full DSSSB - 28 August 2019 (Shift-1)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.