If a fertilized ovum is implanted and develops outside the normal uterine cavity, it is known as?

UPPSC-2021

Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Easy

Appeared in: UPPSC-2021

Explanation

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized ovum implants and develops outside the endometrial lining of the uterine cavity.
The term 'ectopic' literally means 'out of place,' which directly corresponds to the condition described in the question.
This is a serious medical condition because sites outside the uterus, such as the fallopian tube, cannot support the growing pregnancy and are at high risk of rupture.
The vast majority of ectopic pregnancies (about 95%) occur in the fallopian tube, with the ampulla being the most common specific site.

Option A: Multiple pregnancy refers to the number of fetuses (more than one) within the uterus, not the location of implantation. The implantation site is normal.
Option C: A hydatidiform mole is a form of gestational trophoblastic disease, which involves abnormal growth of placental tissue within the uterus. It does not involve a viable embryo developing in an abnormal location.
Option D: Post-mature pregnancy relates to the duration of the pregnancy, specifically one that lasts 42 weeks or longer. It has no bearing on the site of implantation.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Definition and classification of ectopic pregnancy as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Recognizing the signs of an ectopic pregnancy is a critical nursing skill. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester due to the risk of massive internal hemorrhage.
Nurses must be vigilant for the classic triad of symptoms: amenorrhea, unilateral lower abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding/spotting. Shoulder tip pain can be a referred sign of diaphragmatic irritation from intra-abdominal blood (hemoperitoneum).
Nursing priorities for a suspected ruptured ectopic pregnancy include establishing large-bore IV access for fluid resuscitation, monitoring vital signs for shock, managing pain, and preparing the patient for emergency surgery (e.g., salpingectomy).

How to Approach the Question

First, break down the question stem. The key phrase is 'implanted and develops outside the normal uterine cavity'.
This is a definition-based recall question. Your task is to match this definition to the correct medical term among the options.
Evaluate each option: 'Multiple pregnancy' refers to the number of fetuses. 'Post mature pregnancy' refers to the length of gestation. 'Hydatidiform mole' refers to abnormal placental growth.
Consider the term 'Ectopic pregnancy'. 'Ectopic' means 'out of place'. This term perfectly matches the description of a pregnancy occurring outside the normal uterine location.
Therefore, by process of elimination and direct definition matching, ectopic pregnancy is the correct answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Definition and classification of ectopic pregnancy
Stem keywords: fertilized ovum, implanted, develops outside, normal uterine cavity
Lead-in keywords: it is known as

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