Identify the correct option? Vaccine — Route a. MMR — I. ID b. BCG — II. SC c. HIB — III. Oral d. SABIN — IV.… - AIIMS CRE SNO - 2023

AIIMS CRE SNO - 2023

Pharmacology

Easy

Appeared in: AIIMS CRE SNO - 2023

Explanation

The correct combination matches each vaccine to its standard administration route.
MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine is administered via the Subcutaneous (SC) route.
BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is uniquely administered via the Intradermal (ID) route.
HIB (Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine is administered via the Intramuscular (IM) route.
SABIN (Oral Polio Vaccine) is administered Orally.

Option A: This option incorrectly swaps the routes for MMR and BCG. MMR is Subcutaneous (SC), not Intradermal (ID), and BCG is ID, not SC.
Option B: This option correctly identifies the routes for MMR and BCG but incorrectly matches HIB with the Oral route and SABIN with the Intranasal route.
Option D: This option contains multiple errors. It incorrectly matches MMR with Oral, HIB with Intradermal, and SABIN with Intramuscular routes.

Visual 1: Diagram - A chart showing the different layers of the skin and underlying muscle (epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle) with arrows indicating the angle and depth for Intradermal (10-15°), Subcutaneous (45°), and Intramuscular (90°) injections. This helps visualize why different routes are used.
Visual 2: Infographic - A table of the National Immunization Schedule (India) listing key vaccines, the diseases they prevent, and their specific administration routes and sites (e.g., BCG - ID - Left Upper Arm).

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Vaccine Administration Routes as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Administering a vaccine via the wrong route can lead to reduced efficacy or increased adverse reactions. For example, giving the BCG vaccine subcutaneously instead of intradermally can cause a local abscess (sterile abscess) and may not produce the required immunity.
Correct documentation of the vaccine, route, and site of administration is a critical nursing responsibility for patient safety and public health records.
What if a child spits out the Oral Polio Vaccine (SABIN)? If a child spits out or vomits the dose within 5-10 minutes, the dose should be repeated. If the second dose is also spat out, the dose should be given at the next visit.

How to Approach the Question

First, analyze the two columns: one lists vaccines (MMR, BCG, HIB, SABIN) and the other lists administration routes (ID, SC, Oral, IM, Intranasal).
Try to match the vaccine you are most certain about. For many, BCG is famously the only vaccine given Intradermally (ID). So, B must match with I.
Look at the options. Only options B, C, and D have the B-I match. This allows you to eliminate option A immediately.
Next, consider another well-known vaccine, like SABIN (Oral Polio Vaccine). As the name suggests, it's given Orally. So, D must match with III.
Now check the remaining options (B, C, D) for the D-III match. Only option C has both B-I and D-III.
At this point, you have identified the correct answer (C) by using the process of elimination with just two known facts. You can confirm the other matches (A-II: MMR is SC; C-IV: HIB is IM) to be fully confident.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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