Hernia protrusion of sac like cyst of meninges filled with spinal fluid is known as?

RRB Nsg. Superintendent 21 July 2019 (shift 1st)

Applied Anatomy

Medium

Appeared in: RRB Nsg. Superintendent 21 July 2019 (shift 1st)

Explanation

Meningocele is a congenital condition classified as a neural tube defect.
It is characterized by the protrusion of a sac-like cyst through a defect in the vertebral column.
The key feature is that this sac contains only the meninges (protective membranes) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Unlike more severe forms, the spinal cord and nerve roots are not displaced into the sac, generally leading to a better prognosis with fewer neurological deficits.

Option A: Rachischisis is the most severe form of spina bifida where the vertebral arches do not form, leaving the spinal cord completely exposed without a protective sac.
Option B: Meningomyelocele involves the protrusion of the meninges, CSF, AND the spinal cord or nerve roots within the sac. The question specifies only meninges and fluid.
Option C: An encephalocele is a protrusion of cranial contents (meninges, CSF, and often brain tissue) through a defect in the skull, not the spine.

Visual 1: Diagram - A comparative illustration showing the cross-sections of a normal spine, meningocele, and meningomyelocele. This helps visualize the key difference: the presence or absence of the spinal cord in the protruding sac.
Visual 2: Illustration - An image depicting the location of an encephalocele (on the skull) versus a meningocele (on the spine) to clarify the anatomical distinction.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Classification and differentiation of neural tube defects as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A primary nursing responsibility for a newborn with a meningocele is to protect the protruding sac from injury, rupture, and infection. This involves placing the infant in a prone position and applying sterile, moist, non-adherent dressings.
Nurses must continuously monitor for signs of hydrocephalus (a common complication), such as measuring head circumference daily and observing for a bulging fontanelle, irritability, or poor feeding.
Patient and family education is crucial, focusing on pre- and post-operative care, signs of complications, and the importance of long-term follow-up with a multidisciplinary team.

How to Approach the Question

First, break down the question's definition: 'hernia,' 'sac-like cyst,' 'meninges,' 'spinal fluid.' This points to a condition involving a fluid-filled sac protruding from the spine.
Next, analyze the key component: what is IN the sac? The question only mentions 'meninges' and 'spinal fluid.' It notably omits any mention of the spinal cord or nerves.
Evaluate the options based on this analysis:
'Meningomyelocele': The prefix 'myelo-' refers to the spinal cord. This option includes the spinal cord in the sac, which contradicts the question. Eliminate it.
'Encephalocele': The prefix 'encephalo-' refers to the brain. This defect is in the skull, not the spine. Eliminate it.
'Rachischisis': This refers to a completely open spine, not a sac. Eliminate it.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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