Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the following?

Appeared in: IGNOU Post B. SC. Nursing entrance -2021

Explanation

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is specifically defined as an entrapment neuropathy resulting from the compression of the median nerve at the wrist.
The median nerve passes through a narrow anatomical space called the carpal tunnel, along with flexor tendons.
Compression in this tunnel leads to the characteristic symptoms of pain, numbness, and tingling in the sensory distribution of the median nerve: the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and the radial half of the ring finger.
Conditions that reduce the size of the carpal tunnel, such as inflammation, edema from pregnancy, or repetitive wrist movements, are common causes.

Option B: Compression of the ulnar nerve causes different symptoms. It typically affects the little finger and the ulnar half of the ring finger.
Option C: The axillary nerve is located in the shoulder region (axilla). Compression here affects the deltoid muscle, leading to weakness in arm abduction and sensory loss over the shoulder.
Option D: Compression of the radial nerve, typically in the upper arm, results in a condition known as 'wrist drop'—an inability to extend the wrist and fingers.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Pathophysiology and anatomical basis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients on ergonomic modifications for activities like typing or assembly work to prevent or alleviate CTS symptoms.
Post-operative nursing care for carpal tunnel release surgery is vital. It includes neurovascular assessments of the hand, managing pain, and instructing the patient on elevating the hand to reduce swelling.
Recognizing the specific pattern of numbness is key for differential diagnosis. It helps distinguish CTS from other nerve entrapments or systemic conditions like diabetic neuropathy.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question stem: 'Carpal tunnel syndrome'.
This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of anatomy and pathophysiology.
Recall the specific nerve and anatomical structure associated with this named syndrome. The name 'carpal tunnel' itself is a major clue pointing to the location.
Mentally connect 'Carpal Tunnel Syndrome' with 'Median Nerve' and 'Wrist'.
Scan the options to find the one that matches this association: 'Median nerve of wrist'.
Briefly consider the other options to confirm they are incorrect by recalling the primary functions and common injury patterns of the ulnar, axillary, and radial nerves.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 2 p. 1517-1519

E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 1 Part 4 p. 144-146

E6 Anatomy MindMaps BDChaurasia V1 10e p. 6-8

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