Cardio pulmonary bypass was first used in 1953 by?

Appeared in: HPSSSB Staff Nurse - 2016

Explanation

Dr. John H. Gibbon Jr. is credited with performing the first successful open-heart surgery using a heart-lung machine (cardiopulmonary bypass) in 1953.
The specific procedure was the closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD) on an 18-year-old patient.
This invention was a pivotal moment that made modern open-heart surgery, including complex repairs inside the heart, possible.

Option B: This name is not significantly associated with major milestones in the history of cardiac surgery and serves as a distractor.
Option C: This refers to the Jefferson Medical College Hospital in Philadelphia, which was the location where Dr. Gibbon performed the first successful CPB surgery, not the surgeon himself.
Option D: Dr. Christian Barnard was a South African cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first successful human-to-human heart transplant in 1967.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain History of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiopulmonary Bypass as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding the history of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) provides context for the foundation of modern cardiac surgery, including procedures like CABG, valve replacements, and congenital heart defect repairs.
Nurses in cardiothoracic intensive care units (CTICU) are specialists in managing patients post-CPB, monitoring for critical complications like bleeding, thrombosis, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
What if CPB had not been invented? Complex intracardiac repairs would be impossible. Mortality for many congenital and acquired heart diseases would remain extremely high, as surgeons would be limited to closed-heart or hypothermic circulatory arrest techniques with very limited time.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question testing knowledge of a major event in medical history.
First, identify the key elements in the question stem: 'Cardiopulmonary bypass', 'first used', and the year '1953'.
Evaluate each option against this specific historical context.
Recall or deduce the pioneers of major cardiac procedures. Dr. Gibbon is famously linked to the invention and first use of the heart-lung machine.
Differentiate between the person (Gibbon), the place (Jefferson), and other famous cardiac surgeons (Barnard) who are known for different, later achievements (heart transplant).
Select the name of the surgeon that directly matches the specific achievement and year mentioned in the question.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 2070-2072

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Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.