An antenatal mother with a twin pregnancy for this time and who already has one child is:

AIIMS Delhi NO-2016

Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Medium

Appeared in: AIIMS Delhi NO-2016

Explanation

Gravida (G) refers to the total number of pregnancies a woman has had, including the current one.
The woman has one child from a previous pregnancy (G=1) and is currently pregnant with twins (another G=1). Therefore, her Gravida is 2 (G2).
A multiple gestation, such as a twin pregnancy, is counted as a single pregnancy (one gravid event).
Para (P) refers to the number of pregnancies that have been carried to a viable gestational age (typically >20 weeks). It does not count the number of fetuses.
The woman has one child from a past pregnancy, meaning she has had one delivery past viability (P=1).
Since she is currently pregnant ('antenatal'), the current twin pregnancy has not yet been delivered and does not add to her parity count at this time. Thus, her Para is 1 (P1).

Option B: This option incorrectly counts the number of pregnancies. G3 would imply three pregnancies (e.g., two previous children and one current pregnancy, or one child and one miscarriage plus the current pregnancy). The scenario only describes one previous pregnancy and the current one.
Option C: This option incorrectly counts both pregnancies and deliveries. G3 implies three pregnancies, and P2 implies two past deliveries. The woman is only in her second pregnancy and has only had one delivery.
Option D: This option incorrectly counts the number of pregnancies. G1 would mean this is her first pregnancy, which contradicts the fact that she already has one child. It also ignores her current pregnancy in the Gravida count.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Calculating Gravida and Para in obstetric history as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Accurate recording of obstetric history using the G/P or GTPAL system is fundamental in antenatal care. It provides a quick and standardized summary of a woman's reproductive history.
This history helps healthcare providers assess potential risks for the current pregnancy. For example, a high parity (grand multipara) can be associated with increased risks of postpartum hemorrhage and uterine atony.
The current twin pregnancy, while only one gravid event, significantly increases the risk for complications such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and postpartum hemorrhage compared to a singleton pregnancy.

How to Approach the Question

First, understand the definitions of Gravida (G) and Para (P). Gravida is the total number of pregnancies, and Para is the number of pregnancies delivered past 20 weeks.
Break down the patient's history into current and past events.
Calculate Gravida (G): Count the number of times the woman has been pregnant. In this case, she has one child (1 past pregnancy) and is currently pregnant (1 current pregnancy). So, G = 1 + 1 = 2.
Remember that a twin pregnancy counts as only ONE pregnancy.
Calculate Para (P): Count the number of past pregnancies that reached viability (>20 weeks). She has one child, so she has had one such delivery. P = 1.
Note that the current 'antenatal' pregnancy does not count towards Para until after delivery.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Calculating Gravida and Para in obstetric history.
Stem keywords: antenatal mother, twin pregnancy, one child
Lead-in keywords: is
Clinical cues: Current twin pregnancy indicates it is a single gravid event.
Clinical cues: 'Already has one child' indicates one past pregnancy and one past delivery.

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E6 Obstetrics Williams p. 71-95