All the following risk factors contribute for developing non-communicable disease in a person EXCEPT:

Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Entrance-2023

Explanation

Assertiveness is the ability to express one's opinions and needs clearly and respectfully, which is a positive communication skill.
This trait is associated with better mental health, lower stress levels, and improved self-esteem.
Rather than being a risk factor, assertiveness can be considered a protective factor that enhances psychological well-being and helps in managing stress, which in turn can reduce the risk of certain stress-related health problems.

Option A: Harmful use of alcohol is a major modifiable behavioral risk factor for a wide range of NCDs.
Option B: A sedentary lifestyle is a significant modifiable risk factor that contributes to obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
Option C: Heredity, or genetic predisposition, is a well-established non-modifiable risk factor that increases an individual's susceptibility to certain NCDs, such as specific cancers, heart disease, and diabetes.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Nurses play a crucial role in screening patients for NCD risk factors and providing education on lifestyle modifications.
Identifying and addressing modifiable risk factors like diet, physical activity, and alcohol use is a cornerstone of primary prevention in nursing practice.
What if? If a patient has a strong hereditary risk for heart disease, the nurse's priority is to provide intensive education and support for managing modifiable risks (like diet and exercise) to mitigate the genetic predisposition.

How to Approach the Question

First, carefully read the question and identify the keyword 'EXCEPT'. This indicates you need to find the option that does not belong with the others.
The question asks for something that is NOT a risk factor for non-communicable diseases.
Evaluate each option: Is 'Alcohol consumption' a risk factor? Yes. Is 'Physical inactivity' a risk factor? Yes. Is 'Heredity' a risk factor? Yes.
Evaluate the final option: Is 'Assertiveness' a risk factor for disease? No, it's a psychological trait.
The option that is the outlier and does not fit the category of 'risk factor' is the correct answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)
Stem keywords: risk factors, non-communicable disease
Lead-in keywords: EXCEPT
Negative lead-in flag: This is a negative-lead question requiring you to identify the option that does NOT fit the criteria.

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E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 1 p. 97-99

E6 Medicine Davidson Principles Practice 24e p. 506-508

Practise the full IGNOU PB Bsc Entrance-2023

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.