All of the following are non-projected teaching aids, except :

Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026

Explanation

A PowerPoint presentation is a projected teaching aid because it requires electronic equipment (a computer and a projector) to display its content on a screen.
Projected aids are used to show information to a larger audience by projecting it onto a surface.
This makes it the correct answer as it is the 'exception' in a list of non-projected aids.

Option A: Models are three-dimensional replicas of real objects. They are classified as non-projected aids because they can be physically handled and observed without any electronic equipment.
Option B: Flashcards are non-projected visual aids consisting of cards with information. They are displayed manually by the instructor and do not require projection.
Option C: A specimen is a real object or a sample of a real object used for instruction. It is a classic example of a non-projected aid as it provides a direct, first-hand experience.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Classification of teaching aids (Projected vs. Non-projected) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses frequently act as educators for patients, families, and communities. Choosing the right teaching aid is crucial for effective patient education and health promotion.
For a bed-ridden patient, a nurse might use non-projected aids like flashcards or a model of an organ. For a community health talk, a projected aid like a PowerPoint presentation would be more effective for a larger group.
Understanding this classification helps in selecting the most appropriate, effective, and resource-friendly tool for any teaching situation a nurse encounters.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the keywords in the question: 'non-projected teaching aids' and 'except'.
The word 'except' is a negative lead-in, meaning you need to find the option that does NOT fit the description of a 'non-projected teaching aid'.
Define 'non-projected aid': A tool that does not require electricity or a projector to be used.
Evaluate each option against this definition. Ask yourself, 'Does this require a projector?'
Models? No.
Flashcards? No.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Classification of teaching aids (Projected vs. Non-projected)
Stem keywords: non-projected teaching aids, except
Lead-in keywords: except
Negative lead-in flag: The question uses negative framing ('except') to identify the item that does not belong to the group.

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E6 Essentials of Educational Technology Nursing EducationL Gopichandran C Kanniammal (pp 39-344 of 355) pp. 204-206, 179-181

E6 Nursing Education & Educational TechnologySuresh k Sharma (pp 21-557 of 572) p. 291-293

Practise the full IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg.Entrance-2026

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.