All of the following are complications of diabetes, except for one option?

Appeared in: MP CHO -2019 (Shift-1)

Explanation

Arthritis is a general term for conditions causing joint inflammation and pain.
While certain joint-related issues can be associated with diabetes (e.g., Charcot arthropathy), arthritis itself is not classified as a direct primary complication of the disease.
The other options are all well-documented, direct consequences of the pathophysiological changes caused by diabetes mellitus.

Option A: This is incorrect because Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe, acute metabolic complication of diabetes, particularly Type 1.
Option C: This is incorrect because diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic microvascular complications of long-standing diabetes.
Option D: This is incorrect because diabetic retinopathy is a classic chronic microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Complications of Diabetes Mellitus as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients on preventing diabetic complications through tight glycemic control, regular exercise, and a healthy diet.
Regular screening is vital. This includes annual eye exams for retinopathy, urine tests for microalbuminuria (early nephropathy), and comprehensive foot exams at every visit to detect neuropathy and prevent ulcers.
What if? A patient with diabetic neuropathy reports a new, painless sore on their foot. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate assessment to prevent infection and potential amputation, as the lack of pain sensation masks the severity of the injury.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the negative keyword 'except' in the question stem. This means you are looking for the option that does NOT belong to the group.
The core concept is 'complications of diabetes'.
Systematically evaluate each option to determine if it is a known complication of diabetes.
Recall or deduce that Diabetic Ketoacidosis (acute), Neuropathy (chronic), and Retinopathy (chronic) are all well-established complications.
Recognize that Arthritis, while a common health issue, is not categorized as a direct complication of diabetes.
Conclude that Arthritis is the exception and therefore the correct answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 PATHOLOGY QUICK REVIEWBased on Harsh Mohan Textbook of PATHOLOGY p. 250-252

E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 1111-1113

E6 Nursing Vital Signs p. 207-209

Practise the full MP CHO -2019 (Shift-1)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.