Administration of medication into the bone is known as

Appeared in: RUHS, Jaipur, M.Sc Nursing Entrance Exam-2024

Explanation

Intraosseous (IO) administration involves injecting medication directly into the bone marrow.
The term is derived from the Latin roots 'intra-' meaning 'within' and 'osseus' meaning 'bony' or 'of the bone'.
The bone marrow contains a rich vascular network that provides a non-collapsible entry point to the systemic circulation, allowing for rapid drug and fluid delivery.
This route is primarily used in critical emergencies (e.g., cardiac arrest, severe trauma) when standard intravenous (IV) access is not readily available, especially in infants and young children.

Option A: Intrathecal administration involves injection into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal, not into the bone.
Option C: Intradermal administration is an injection into the dermis, the layer of skin just below the epidermis, not into the bone.
Option D: Subcutaneous administration is an injection into the fatty tissue located just beneath the skin, not into the bone.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Parenteral Routes of Medication Administration as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses must be able to rapidly identify the need for IO access in emergencies (e.g., cardiac arrest, severe dehydration, trauma) when IV access fails, as it provides a life-saving alternative for fluid and medication administration.
Common IO sites include the proximal tibia, distal tibia, proximal humerus, and sternum. Site selection depends on patient age, condition, and accessibility.
What if? If a patient with an IO line develops signs of extravasation (swelling, coolness, sluggish flow), the nurse must immediately stop the infusion, notify the provider, and prepare to remove the IO line and attempt access at an alternative site to prevent complications like compartment syndrome.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question based on medical terminology.
First, identify the key phrase in the question stem: 'into the bone'.
Next, break down the prefixes and roots of the options. 'Intra-' means 'within'.
Analyze the root words: 'thecal' relates to the sheath of the spinal cord, 'osseous' relates to bone, 'dermal' relates to skin, and 'cutaneous' also relates to skin.
Combine the prefix and root: 'Intraosseous' literally means 'within the bone'.
Select the option that directly matches the definition required by the question.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Q7ikoN65uC8_h3eQPAsJXL

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 3 pp. 137-139, 138-140

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Taylor p. 839-841

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